ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Year : 2010 | Volume
: 1 | Issue : 2 | Page : 216--220
Pharmacognostic evaluation of Toona Ciliata bark
Ajay Gautam1, Deenanath Jhade2, Dheeraj Ahirwar2, Manish Sujane3, Ganesh N Sharma4,
1 Sanjeevan College of Pharmacy, Dausha, Rajasthan, India
2 School of Pharmacy, Chouksey Engg. College, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, VEL'S University, India
4 School of Pharmaceutical Sci., Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Correspondence Address:
Deenanath Jhade
School of Pharmacy, Chouksey Engg. College, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh
India
Abstract
Pharmacognostic standardizations of powdered and anatomical sections of the Toona ciliata bark was carried out to determine its macro- and microscopical characters and also some of its quantitative standards. Externally bark are Grey to reddish-brown in colour when it is dry, 200 mm in length, 20 to 60 mm in width and 2 to 3 mm in thickness outer surface brown coloured, strong odour, bitter taste, rough and hard, double quill and curved curvature. The transverse section (T. S.) revealed the presences of periderm, cortex, Sclerides, mednllary rays and phloem fiber. Physico-chemical evaluation includes ash values, extractive values and moisture content. These findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification of the plant, which is gaining relevance in plant drug research.
How to cite this article:
Gautam A, Jhade D, Ahirwar D, Sujane M, Sharma GN. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Toona Ciliata bark.J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2010;1:216-220
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How to cite this URL:
Gautam A, Jhade D, Ahirwar D, Sujane M, Sharma GN. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Toona Ciliata bark. J Adv Pharm Technol Res [serial online] 2010 [cited 2023 Mar 22 ];1:216-220
Available from: https://www.japtr.org/text.asp?2010/1/2/216/72261 |
Full Text
Introduction
Toona ciliata is a large deciduous tree with a spreading crown, commonly attaining a height of 20-30 m and a girth of 1.8-3 m. Barks dark grey or reddishbrown, smooth up to middle age, afterwards rough, with shallow reticulate cracks exfoliating in irregular woody scales. Blaze 1.3-1.5 m, fibrous throughout, pink or pinkish-brown, sometimes with just a few white bands towards the outside, turning brown on exposure, bitter to the taste, juice turning purple on the blade of a knife. Leaves are 30-50 cm long, on young trees up to 90 cm long, usually imparipinnate, sometimes paripinnate by the abortion of the terminal leaflet; leaflets 11-29, opposite or alternate, 5-15 x 2-6 cm, lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, pubescent, margin entire or wavy, base oblique; petiolules 0.3-1.3 cm long. Flowers small, honey scented, cream coloured, in drooping or sub-erect terminal panicles, usually shorter than the leaves. Calyx divided nearly to the base. Petals 5 mm long, ovate-oblong, sub-acute, with ciliate margins. Capsule dark brown, 1.8-2.5 x 0.5-0.8 cm, oblong, usually smooth outside, sometimes sparsely lenticellate. Seeds pale brown, very light, winged at both ends, 1.3-1.5 cm long including the wing. The synonymous name 'cedrela' is from the Latin 'cedrus', the cedar, the name given on account of its scented wood. Native range : Tropical America, but common in many tropical regions as a weed.
Materials and Methods
Collection and Authentication
The bark of Toona ciliata is belonging to the family Meliaceae were collected and authenticated from Dr. Harish Botanist. Alva's education foundation (R). Alva's Health center complex Moobdidri-574227. D. K. The bark was then dried, powdered and stored in airtight containers for further use.
Pharmacognostic Standardization
Morphological studies were done the shape, color, taste and odor of bask were determined. Microscopic studies were done by preparing thin hand section of bark. The section was cleared with chloral hydrate solution, stained with phloroglucinol -hydrochloric acid (1:1) and mounted in glycerin.
Physico-chemical evaluations
Total ash, water-soluble ash, acidinsoluble ash and sulphated ash were determined. Alcohol and water-soluble extractive values were determined to find out the amount of water and alcohol soluble components. The moisture content was also been determined [9].
Premilnary Phytochemical Screening:
The coarse powder of bark of Toona ciliata (25 g) was subjected to successive extraction with different solvent in their increasing order of polarity from petroleum ether (60-80°), chloroform, ethanol and water. The extract were concentrated and subjected to various chemical tests to detect the presence of different phyto constituents [10].
Results and Discussion
Macrocscopy
Externally bark are grey to reddishbrown in colour when it is dry, 200 mm in length, 20 to 60 mm in width and 2 to 3 mm in thickness outer surface brown coloured, strong odour, Bitter taste, rough and hard, double quill and Curved curvature. [Figure 1]{Figure 1}
Microscopy (Transverse section)
The microscopy revealed the presences of periderm, cortex, Sclerides, medullary rays and phloem fiber.
The TS of bark was stained with phloroglucinol and hydrochloric acid, the surface shows the general arrangements of the periderm, cortex and secondary phloem. In the Periderm Cork (Several layer of thin walled, flat, polygonal cells with reddish brown content, impregnatd with suberin.) Phellogen (2 to 3 layers of thin walled cells without any cellular content) Phelloderm (6 to 3 layers of thin walled rectangular cells without any cellular content) Cortex (Scattered Ushaped stone cells, isolated or in groups) Sclerides (Sclerenchymatous cells, pitted inner andradial walls more thick) Medullary rays (Narrow at inner side, wider in the scleride band side, acicular raphides) Phloem fiber (Single, isolated, circular, lignified with stratification) [Figure 2]. Powder characters of Toona is cork cells are seen in surface view, stone cells are present in cortex, Phloem fibers are observed in the powder, Pieces of Mecinllaip rays are also seen [Figure 3].{Figure 2}{Figure 3}
Quantitative Standards
Physicochemical parameters[Table 1], [Table 2] and [Table 3]{Table 1}{Table 2}{Table 3}
Acknowledment
I express my sincere thanks to S. Kambhoja, Lecturer, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bangalore who took interest in looking into our research needs and thus providing us with the best available resources.
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